The book contains a collection of materials from the scientific conference organized by the International research center of the Russian and East European Jewry (December, 2003, Moscow). In collection articles present on history, literary criticism, history of the literature, historiography. Materials are distinguished with a wide chronological and thematic range: problems of the periodization of early history of Jews of the East Europe, the Holocaust on territories of the USSR, the review of materials on history of Jews in the Russian and foreign archives, riddles of " the Crimean project » of the Jewish autonomy, history of the Jewish criminality in Odessa in the beginning of XX century, etc.