summary of lessons delivered at Yeshiva Toldos Yeshurun
Note: The material is purely theoretical, practical law is necessary to clarify the rabbi.
Table of Contents:
General Introduction
Part I. Shmitat wiref
(Agricultural work, forbidden and permitted in the 7th year)
1. Introduction
2. Laws farming 7th year (11 major works)
3. Schmitt of indoor
Part II. The fruits of the 7th year
1. Introduction
2. Rejection of the fruits of ownership of the 7th year
3. Sfihin
4. Terms of use plants and fruits of the 7th year
5. Trade fruits of the 7th year
6. Flowers
7. Otzar Beit Din
8. Commandment Biur
9. Branch trumot and maasrot of the fruit of the 7th year. The fruits Nat Revai
10. The fruits of the 7th year in the Diaspora
11. Four species of plants, which are to carry out the commandments of the Lulav
Part III. Shmitat ksafim (debt cancellation for the 7th year)
1. Introduction
2. A situation in which there is no cancellation of debt
3. Prozbol
Questions for the laws of the 7th year
Introduction
An important place in the laws of the Torah laws occupy the seventh year - Schmitt. Those who observe them, as expected, the singer of Israel called the spiritual heroes who perform the word of Gd (Teilim, gl.103). In the merit of laws Shmita abundance and peace prevail on earth, and their failure is one of the main reasons for the expulsion of Jews from the Holy Land (Pirkei Avot 5).
According to most experts on the Talmud, on the observance of the commandments of the Torah 7-year refer only to the time when all the Jews are in the Land of Israel. Today, when, unfortunately, this is not the case, compliance with the 7th year is the implementation of the wise decision.
Shmita laws are divided into three main parts:
1) "shmitat carcass" - the laws of cultivation, care for the agricultural and horticultural crops;
2) the fruits of the 7th year - terms of use plants 7th year;
3) "shmitat ksafim" - the laws of forgiveness monetary debts that were not paid before the end of the 7th year.
"Shmitat carcass," as some of the other commandments related to the earth and all that grows on it, exists only in the Land of Israel, and the countries of the Diaspora is not covered. Special laws in relation to the fruits of the 7th year also apply only to fruits grown in the Holy Land (for exceptions will be discussed separately). "Shmitat ksafim" refers to the category of commands that are independent from the seat, and applies to all countries.
Determine whether a year of Shmita and, if not, then what is he in a row and seven-year cycle, is quite simple. If the year number is divisible by 7 without residue - so Shmita this year, but if the number indicating the "number", the creation of the world, not a multiple of 7, the remainder of which is obtained by dividing it by 7, shows the serial number of this year a seven-year cycle. For instance, when dividing by 5767 gives 823 7 and 6/7. This means that the year 5767 - 6th in the seven-year cycle, a number that indicates the "number" of the next one, 5768, is divided by 7 without a remainder, then this is the year Shmita.
Before the destruction of the Temple Shmita laws come into effect for some time before the 1st Tish of Korea - the beginning of the new year. It was called "addition to the 7 th year" - "tosefet shviit." These days, mostly all the bans come into effect from the 1st of Tishrei. Special resolution of the Sages prohibited planting fruit trees with 16 Av (44 days before the new year). According to some opinions, planting non-bearing trees is prohibited from 16 Elul, and annual crops - 3 days before the beginning of the year Shmita.
In the festive Kiddush Rosh Hashanah - New Year (as in all the Jewish holidays), pronounced the blessing, "Sheeheyanu" - praising the Creator, who has given us to live up to this time, and keep the commandments of the holiday. When Shmita year begins, during the blessing "Sheeheyanu" should remember as well, and that we have received the commandments of the 7th year.
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