Zihru Torat Moshe

R. Avraham Danzig (1748-1821) - author of the brief ƒalahicheskogo Code "Chayei Adam" ("Life of Man"), composed by him on the advice of the Vilna Gaon. This code is extremely concise, clarity of language and ease, making it accessible to the reader, inexperienced in Talmudic studies. "Chayei Adam" is very popular to this day. "Zichri Torat Moshe (" Remember the Torah Moshe ") - is an abridged version of the central section of the Code" Chayei Adam "-" Laws of Shabbat. "

Parallel text (Hebrew and Russian) and an extended comment in which solutions are ƒalahicheskie leading rabbis of the last generation, taking into account the modern household and technical realities.

ABOUT THIS BOOK AND ITS AUTHOR
1

The offered you a brief collection of laws made Shabat p. Aaniigom Abraham, one of the leading rabbis era of the Vilna Gaon.

Rabbi Abraham ben Yechiel Mikhl-born in 5508/1748 / in the Polish city of Gdansk (Danzig) and the name of this town is its Heirloom nickname. He studied in Prague under the guidance of one of the spiritual leaders of the generation p. Yechezkel Landau (author Nola biula).

At the age of eighteen p. Abraham received the rabbinical title, giving the right to judge and mentor to the law. However, he declined to offer him a rabbinical positions, not wanting to profit from their knowledge of the Torah. R. Abraham successfully engaged in commerce, without interrupting an in-depth study of the Torah by his own admission, he was thinking about the problems associated with the study of the Torah, "going on long journeys and sitting in his shop ... and even during business operations" (Preface the book Hohmat alam).

Later, for nearly two decades, from 5554/1794 / for 5572/1812 / year, p. Danzig was Layan (the judge) and religion at the Vilna (Vilnius). And in this period, which is one of the most successful business people Vilna, he resolutely refused to receive compensation for the work of the judge.

R. Danzig was close to the Vilna Gaon, learned from him, and then by marrying their children, they intermarried. The book, written p. Danzig, provides ample evidence of the life and outlook of the Gaon.

In 5570/1810 / year, p. Danzig published his main work - a brief alahichesky Code Chaya alam (Human Life), compiled them on the advice of the Vilna Gaon. The first edition of the book was published without the author's name. In the preface p. Danzig explained it this way: "It's not the name of the author of the book, and what is written in it. After all, a small worm is for luxurious silk fabrics, and of mollusk called hilazon, blue dye, which was used for clothing Kohanim in the Temple. "

The book contains three main sections: the laws of everyday life, the laws of the laws of Shabbat and holidays. It featured an exceptional brevity and clarity of wording and simplicity of language, and that made it accessible to the reader inexperienced in Talmudic studies. "Blessed is he who is able to self examine all the code Shulchan Aruch with its accompanying comments! wrote p. Danzig. But those Jews who are forced to work hard to feed the family, it will take at least six months to reach in this book, even to the head of "Morning Blessings," ... and may not have a lifetime to learn the only section Orach Chaim. ... I wrote the book in order for it to be rapidly examine all laws established by the district. Yosef Kapo (compiler code Shulchan Aruch), and by later scribes. "

In cases where the latest generation of rabbis disagreed, p. Daniig usually followed alahicheskim decisions of the Vilna Gaon. In some places, the code he bluntly stated: "I have heard from the Gaon p. Elijah "(Chaya alam 5:27)," So did Gaon p. Eliyahu "(ibid. 12:6), etc. However, in some cases ielom he took independent decisions, rejecting the opinion of the Gaon. "Oh, this is the way of understanding our holy Torah, explained p. Daniig, one builds koniepiiyu and the other destroys it: the student disputes the opinion of a mentor, just as the author of the code Arbaa turim argued with his otiom Roche, otiu ... and it was a joy "(Aliet Eliyahu).

Book p. Daniiga quickly gained widespread popularity: it was adopted by the Jews of Europe as an accessible and authoritative source of practical Halacha. Scribes later generations often refer to the opinion p. Daniiga. Until now, his code passed more than a hundred publications.

Peru, p. Daniiga also belongs to the set of alahichesky Hohmat alam (man's wisdom), including the laws of ritual character (alahichesky book material thematically matched section Yore lea code Shulchan Aruch). He was famous and prayer Tefila Zack (Net prayer), which is usually pronounced on Yom Kippur, before the evening service.

R. Abraham Daniig died in Vilna in 5581/1821 / year. He was 73 years old and is the numerical value (gematria), the title of his principal work «סיי אז - ם» (Human Life).

2

Which is before you book Zichri Torat Moshe (Moshe Remember the Torah) is a subset of the code section ientralnogo Chaya alam "Laws of Shabbat."

This brief compilation of the basic laws of Shabbat p. A. Daniig amounted to train for her sons during Shabbat meals. But then, some revised and updated the original text, he published a book in the light. "Few will be able to thoroughly study the laws of Shabbat on the code Shulchan Aruch or even on my book Chaya alam, explains his plan p. A. Daniig ... but this little book everyone will be able to divide into several parts by days of the week ... and many times to learn and teach their children to these laws. " "Well, the one whose clemency eager to know the laws more thoroughly and completely, he adds, it is open to the entire Torah."

The title of this book were the words of one of the verses, the final book of the prophets: "Remember the Torah Moses my servant, which I commanded him in Horeb (ie at Mount Sinai) for all Israel, with the statutes and judgments" (Malachi 33:22) .

Why is p. Daniig so called the book of the laws of Shabbat because these Elovoe prophet Malachi mean all the laws of the Torah?

The answer to this question lies in the holy Zohar, where, in particular, said: "Shabbat includes all of the Torah, and it contains all its secrets and the one who observes Shabbat (thereby) complies with all of the Torah" (Jethro 92a) . And this also tells the compiler code Shulchan Aruch p. Yosef Karo: "Compliance Shabat equilibrium implementation of all other commandments, because the Sabbath is the sign that rules the world is going on, that he had made, and that the Torah given to us from heaven" (Beit Yosef, Orach Chaim 242).

Of key importance is reflected in the great Sabbath parable told by Hafei Haim. When a person opens a new store, the first thing he attaches a sign above the entrance. And even if store will be closed for several days due to holidays or illness of the owner, a sign will be evidence that the owner still has his shop. But if the sign is removed, it becomes obvious that the shop owner gave up his studies and closed the case ... This is also the link between the people of Israel from Saturday afternoon: still observe Shabbat, it is clear that we continue to exist as a Jewish nation, to do their duty and supporting service to Gd. And even if at certain periods of history, many Jews are showing negligence in the performance of commandments, yet the connection of the people with the Creator and His Torah is saved, as it is written (Exodus 31:13): "keep my Sabbaths, for this is a sign between Me and you for all generations yours to know that I am Gd, osvyashayushy you "(Shem Olam 1). Thus, one who observes the laws of Shabbat, proves that he is still "remembers Torah Moshe."

There Yeshe and one associative thread linking the name of the book with the Shabat. The words "Zichri Torat Moshe" are included in one of the most famous hymns of Saturday's "Kol mekalesh shvii", in which each stanza begins with a verse from the Tanakh. And now, at the beginning of the fourth stanza says, "Remember the commandment of the Torah Moshe Shabat, carved on tablets (commandment) of the seventh day ...". This hymn is customary to begin the first Saturday meal.

There was one Yeshe, personal, reason for which the book was given such name. In 5574/1814 / in the family p. Daniiga happened mountain, died twenty-son Moshe. R. Daniig obeshal dying, which will issue a notebook, on which he studied the laws of Shabbat, and uses the title of the book its name.

The first edition of the book Torat Moshe Zichri was published in 5577/1817 / year, and the second four years later, in the year of death of the author. This is the second edition of his lifetime is taken as the basis for this translation.

3

In the present you a Russian translation of the book accompanied by footnotes. They noted some discrepancies between the more complete code of Chaya alam and down, as well as the later, one of Zichri Torat Moshe. And most importantly, they indicate those cases where Psak (legislative solution) p. Abraham Danzig is different from the Halacha installed later in the code of the Mishnah Berurah, compiled by the Chafetz Chaim. And when such differences do as a rule, in accordance with the decision of the Code alahicheskim Mishnah Berurah.

In the extended comment "More Soul" explores some additional aspects of the Sabbath laws, and provides solutions alahicheskie leading rabbis of the last generation, which take into account the modern household and technological realities. It should be noted that this extended comment is not intended to be a practical guide to the Halacha, because there are different points of view, many of which are not obsheprinyatymi. And each case completely different, and the smallest nuance which is inexperienced in the intricacies of the laws of Shabbat people will not pay attention, can radically change the alahicheskoe decision. Therefore, to answer specific questions alahicheskie should refer to authoritative rabbis.

The publisher of "Torah Lishma" started work on the translation into Russian of the Code p. A. Danzig Chaya alam (Human Life).

Table of Contents

Chapter 1. Laws relating to the eve of the Sabbath
Chapter 2. The laws of candle lighting and Shabbat worship
Chapter 3. Shut down and return to the road
Chapter 4. Punctuality at ignition spark
Chapter 5. Zakutyvanie food before Shabat
Chapter 6. The prohibition to leave unprepared food on fire
Chapter 7. Entry on Shabbat (Kabbalat Shabbat)
Chapter 8. The laws of Kiddush
Chapter 9. The laws of the three meals
Chapter 10. Enjoying Shabat (Oneg Shabbat)
Chapter 11. The laws of thirty-nine works: public
cases violated the prohibition
Chapter 12. Job One: sow (dawn)
Chapter 13. Job Two: plow (Horesh)
Chapter 14. Job three: press (Kocere)
Chapter 15. THE FOURTH: collect in bundles (meamer)
Chapter 16. Job Five: thresh (das)
Chapter 17. Work Six: winnow (zore)
Chapter 18. THE SEVENTH: select (Bohrer)
Chapter 19. Work Eight: grind (tohen)
Chapter 20. THE NINTH: sift (meraked)
Chapter 21. THE TENTH: knead (lash)
Chapter 22. THE ELEVENTH: oven (ofe)
Chapter 23. THE TWELFTH: to cut hair (gozez)
Chapter 24. THE THIRTEENTH: bleach (melaben)
Chapter 25. The Fourteenth: comb (menapets)
Chapter 26. The fifteenth: paint (tsovea)
Chapter 27. Work 16, 17, 18: The spin (Tove), pull the warp threads (meyseh) and set the thread in the frame loom (axial Shnei Batya nirin)
Chapter 28. Work Nineteen: weave (oreg)
Chapter 29. THE TWENTIETH: unweave (potsea)
Chapter 30. Work 21, 22: knot (kosher) and untie (matir)
Chapter 31. THE TWENTY-THIRD: Sewing (Topher)
Chapter 32. THE TWENTY-FOURTH: tear (chorea)
Chapter 33. Of the twenty-five: fishing (tseyda)
Chapter 34. The twenty-sixth: slaughter (Shochet)
Chapter 35. The twenty-seventh: skinning (mafshit)
Chapter 36. The twenty-eighth: salt and
curry (in the Mole-meabed)
Chapter 37. The twenty-ninth: scrape (memahek)
Chapter 38. The thirtieth: mark (mesartet)
Chapter 39. The thirty-first cut at
size (mehateh)
Chapter 40. Job 32, 33 write (Kotev) and washed
written (mohek)
Chapter 41. Work 34, 35, 36: build (Bon), destroy (Soter) and complete production of something (be-poppy fatish)
Chapter 42. Work 37, 38: stew (mehabe) and stir
(Mavir) fire
Chapter 43. The thirty-ninth: make (a-motsi)
Chapter 44. The Law on vacation for cattle
Chapter 45. The law on "Employment things" that are not
are the "work"
Chapter 46. The law about things which are prohibited
speak on the Sabbath
Chapter 47. The law on guidance addressed to Gentile
Chapter 48. The Law on the work carried out by means of
non-Jew on the Sabbath
Chapter 49. The Law on the work assigned to a non-Jew on the eve of Shabbat
Chapter 50. The law of sale
Chapter 51. The Law on muktza
Chapter 52. Act of patients who are in danger ... Chapter 53. The law of the sick, who are not at risk
Chapter 54. Laws on a side street and the yard
Chapter 55. "The combination of households" and "co-operative
lanes "and corresponding blessings
Chapter 56. The law of "mixed borders" (eruv thumin)
Chapter 57. The Law on the ship sails